Ceramic honeycomb structure is a honeycomb-like shape of the last three decades the development of new ceramic products. The first to use small autocatalysts today widely used in chemical, electric power, metallurgy, petroleum, electronics, machinery and other industries, and more widely, the development prospects are considerable.
Ceramic honeycomb shapes composed of innumerable pores equal, the largest number of holes has reached 20 to 40 per square centimeter, the density of 4 to 6 grams per cubic centimeter, water absorption of up to 20%. Because of the characteristics of the porous thin, greatly increasing the geometric surface area support and improve the thermal shock resistance, the products, the mesh holes in a triangular and square main square triangle endurance is much better than the number of holes is also more more, it is especially important as the catalytic support. With the reduction in the number of holes per unit area to enhance and support cell wall thickness of the ceramic carrier of thermal shock trend is to increase the temperature of thermal shock damage is increased. Therefore, the ceramic honeycomb must be reduced expansion coefficient and increasing the number of holes per unit area. CTE is the main performance indicators, the current level of foreign is α25-1000 ℃ ≤1.0 × 10-6 ℃ -1, and domestic contrast have a certain gap, but this gap is getting smaller and smaller. The first production of cellular ceramic raw materials are mainly kaolin, talc, aluminum powder, clay, and today has exceeded, especially diatomaceous earth, zeolite, expansive soils and application of refractory ceramic honeycomb is used widely, increasing performance Okay.
In addition to cellular ceramic sintering, also appeared in non-sintered ceramic honeycomb, which greatly improves the performance of the catalytic activity. Only the appearance of the size of the smallest ball ring shape development to large-sized columns and square and round. Depending on the die design; can be made into different shapes in different sizes honeycomb ceramic different structures. Molecular sieve catalyst as used in the refining and petrochemical industries adsorption air-dried, sizes up to 0.8m, width 0.25m square cells per square centimeter to 25, from raw materials, technology and machinery manufacturing have been greatly changed. In particular, the production process has been greatly improved. As a ceramic honeycomb catalyst requires no cracking in the manufacture of molding, clean and organic ingredients must be released, in addition to wear outside also requires a certain degree of mechanical strength, reclamation and reuse multiple times.
Cellular ceramic material made by a variety. The main material: cordierite, mullite, aluminum titanate, carbon, silicon carbide, activated alumina, zirconia, silicon nitride and a cordierite mullite, cordierite and aluminum titanate, a composite matrix.
Activated carbon powder or granules made of ceramic honeycomb shape, greatly improving the water purification and waste water treatment capacity, particularly in the pharmaceutical industry, antibiotics, hormones, vitamins, nucleic acid injection and various injections, drugs, dehydration bleaching to impurities.
Ceramic honeycomb regenerator can be divided according to purpose, filler, catalyst supports and four categories filter material.
Honeycomb ceramic regenerator heat capacity J / kgk1000 above, at extremely high temperatures ≥1700 ℃, the heating furnace, baking, soaking furnace, cracking furnace kiln fuel savings of more than 40 percent, production increased more than 15% , flue gas discharge temperature below 150 ℃.
Cellular ceramic filler filler surface area than other shapes bigger and better than strength, etc., can make the vapor-liquid distribution is more uniform, lower bed resistance, better, and prolong life, in the petrochemical, pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries the effect is quite good as a filler.
Ceramic honeycomb catalyst used in terms of advantages. In the honeycomb material as a carrier, a unique coating materials, precious metals, rare earth and transition metal preparation, which has high catalytic activity, good thermal stability, long life, high intensity and so on.
Ceramic honeycomb for catalytic cracking is replacing existing products. FCC with a heavy distillate between 200 ~ 500 ℃ for raw materials (including vacuum distillates, straight-run light diesel oil, coker gas oil, etc.) to aluminosilicate catalyst, the reaction temperature is between 450 ~ 550 ℃ ( It varies with the type of reactor). Its yield (per large catalytic cracking unit, more than one million tons of oil per year cracking), technical conditions require high (for example, every contact with a catalyst oil a few minutes or even seconds would regeneration flow through the fluidized bed of catalyst per minute of 10t or more) with the increase of the catalytic activity, in order to accelerate the regeneration speed, more demanding conditions of regeneration. For example, 600 ~ 650 ℃, even 700 ℃, catalyst consumed in large quantities, oil consumption per ton of feed 0.3 ~ 0.6kg catalyst, the catalyst poor mechanical strength, much larger consumption. This requires that the catalyst activity, selectivity, slightly increased stability, the production will have great practical significance. Because of this, honeycomb ceramic catalyst also continued to emerge, the market demand is also growing, these catalytic cracking catalyst is replaced by a ceramic honeycomb catalyst, a porous ceramic honeycomb catalyst large number of already emerging, with a strong momentum of development.
Ceramic honeycomb as a filter material has the following advantages: good chemical stability, acid and organic solvents; excellent resistance to rapid thermal quench performance, working temperature up to 1000 ℃; good antibacterial properties, not easy to be degraded by bacteria, easy to plug and easy regeneration; strong structural stability, narrow pore size distribution, high permeability; non-toxic, especially for processed foods and drugs.
The main applications in the metallurgical industry has been. The specific surface area of a large ceramic honeycomb body, improve the ability to filter and capture tiny sheet adsorption of impurities, better than traditional porous ceramic filter effects, smooth flow of molten metal.
Ceramic honeycomb features: green ceramic ceramic material because of its high strength, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, wear specificity can be widely used in various environmental fields, such as automobile exhaust emissions.
1, for micro-filtration, ultra filtration and nano filtration thin porous ceramics used in the development of ceramic and polymeric film ceramic inorganic membranes century American scientists first began using porous ceramic membranes to separate caustic UF 6 isotopes. Since the inorganic film SiO 2, Al 2 O 3, MgO, ZrO 2, TiC, UC and other inorganic silicate materials having a polymer organic film prepared incomparable superiority, from the 21st century, the development and application of inorganic ceramic membrane It has been further developed, in addition to the traditional nuclear industry, aerospace, food industry, chemical, biological and other industrial applications and development in the field of environment in particular attracted the attention of the world.
Germany Inle Fine Ceramics Co., Ltd. has developed the world's leading issue for microfiltration (1? M to 30nm), ultrafiltration (30nm to 3nm) and nanofiltration (3nm to 0.9nm) with a porous ceramic film, and has developed a variety of specifications and use practical application sets for industrial separation and filtration equipment, such as three ceramic membrane filtration of wastewater containing radioactive substances purification devices. This for microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration using a porous ceramic film is an intermediate material separating membrane and energy transfer medium, the film needed to be made according to the actual needs of the aperture (micron, submicron and nanoscale Millipore), blocked filter values for all films have defined, such as ultrafiltration (for cleaning, such as cloud liquid latex, sterilization and purification of other chemicals) and nanofiltration (microorganisms and cells for curing bioceramic carriers, biofilm after curing, such as proteins and vaccines for the production of such biologically active substances). Among them, I am Secretary of 0.9nm pore Nanofiltration is the world's smallest known ceramic nanofiltration membrane pore, blocking the filter value as small as 450g / mol, if defined blocking filter is <1000g / mol, test proven of SO 4 2 - to prevent up to 90%.
The porous ceramic carrier is the basis of the three ceramic filter membranes, and determine the shape and the size of ceramic membrane filtration module. Our development of the filter assembly can be fully functional at temperatures up to 450 ° C and 60 bar atmospheric environment, using various acid solution or steam hot water. The ceramic carrier through different production technology to manufacture flat-shaped, capillary-shaped, single-hole tract, porous pipes. Carrier plate thickness 1mm, ceramic bonding technology available when needed multiple disc shaped body layers stick together. Capillary diameter ceramic carrier may be as small as 1.1mm. The size of the porous ceramic carrier pipe sizes (standard size 22 channel carrier is wide 101mm, thickness 6mm, pore diameter 3mm). Specific shape of the carrier, depending on the size and separation of the ceramic membrane area filtration applications, and combined with the stainless steel cover member together.
Films or layers spaced a porous ceramic body coated with a special process on the roughened porous ceramic substrate, the ceramic substrate may be planar or pipes of various shapes, which was prepared according to the separation requirements available sol - gel process, foam technology, organic foam impregnation process, adding pore forming agent system technology and other equipment. Since both sides of the membrane material particle size, diffusion coefficient or solubility differences, some poor, poor concentration, mass transfer processes or chemical potential difference potential difference driving occurs. The mass transfer rate can result in different selectivity through, thereby causing the separation of the mixture.
Our company has the world's known all nano-ceramic coating process technology, including sol coating technology. Conventional coating techniques such as dip coating, spray coating, spin coating, etc. can also be used to make the sol film, and then curing this layer by firing a sol film or converted into a ceramic membrane. Various coating techniques for different product use, water and more of sol coating technology produces a so-called colloidal solution which discrete particles by surface charge to mass ratio is very stable influence. Sol layer is 400 ° C-600 ° C firing temperature, you can generate TiO 2, ZrO 2, and γ-Al 2 O 3 gap such porous film, very suitable for ultrafiltration purposes. Oligomers by controlled hydrolysis with free hydroxyl groups of the polymerization solution, such generation can be suppressed by the addition of water-splitting complexing agent or a certain amount of water was added to achieve a certain, hydroxy by polycondensation at 200 ° C-500 When ° C degrees cured to form a porous ceramic reticular system. Thus it can be made suitable for nanofiltration and nanoscale gas separation TiO 2, ZrO 2, Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 amorphous porous ceramic membrane.
Division I developed a nano-filtration membrane having a pore structure and pore structure with inter-particle characterized by micro filtration and ultra-filtration membrane is different, is a non-amorphous single particle unorganized porous structure by polymerization and sol coating technology a. Developed in the preparation of ceramic film is separated according to the size of the filter material and the specific needs of particular into the desired pore size and pore number, so each film depending on the use and value of the filter block are defined, i.e. that pore size and pore number of ceramic film may be adjusted depending on the application at the time of preparation. In addition, the ceramic thin film technology is based on physical principles, no auxiliary chemicals, no secondary pollution, high efficiency, low energy consumption and ease of operation. Very good chemical stability, corrosion resistance, high temperature, structural form stability, high mechanical strength to withstand the impact of high-speed particles of dust, can be used in high pressure and temperature and corrosive environments, help to improve liquidity, and is effective for ceramics films acid, high-pressure and high-temperature steam cleaning recoil. Our ceramic membrane using liquid and gas separation equipment complete sets of industrial applications, has been successfully used in many industries including real nuclear industry, aerospace, food industry, medicine and environmental protection, including radioactive waste water purification, the polymer film ceramic film binding protein inhibition and exclusion ultra filtration purification process for purifying a ceramic membrane bioreactor wastewater containing heavy metals and organics, purification rolling emulsion ceramic film ultrafiltration purification equipment, wastewater generated by the production of glass fiber The two membrane filtration purification treatment equipment and so on.
Ceramic film in the range of environmental filtration and separation applications is extremely wide. When colored or dyeing of textile waste water by purification and filtration ceramic film treatment, not only can remove all kinds of harmful chemicals, can also be dissolved in water for chemical reagent molecules are separated and recycled utility again. Ceramic film can also be converted to non-soluble metal ions soluble metal carbonate to reduce heavy metals in industrial waste water, then rinse them with another filter recovered when a metal film on the carbonate accumulated to a certain amount economic benefit is obvious.
Due to the development and application of nano-ceramic membrane pore level, so that the use of inorganic ceramic film containing low molecular weight organic pollutants, heavy metals, surfactants wastewater treatment possible. Therefore, the ceramic film only in domestic water purification, industrial water and wastewater treatment and other environmental governance, while in the field of metallurgy, chemical, food, pharmaceutical, biotechnology and other applications have excellent market prospects. Ceramic coating sol Inle Fine Ceramics Co. and various sol and nano-composite film production is well within the company's ultra-clean plant performed (grade 10/100 ± 5%; temperature: ± 1 ° C). Not only research and development, the production of the film, while customers can design for customer-specific product development ceramic films and filtration separation system integration.
2, ceramic catalyst I developed a ceramic catalytic or catalyst technology and products in the industrial waste gas and waste water purification treatment application has become increasingly widespread. Chemical composition and design of the catalytic body due to the specific conditions of application vary its geometry and shape can be varied, such as cellular porcelain, ceramic particles, spherical ceramic, porous ceramic, etc. or a single-hole pipes. Typical ceramic materials: cordierite, mullite, steatite, high-alumina, silicon carbide, titania, zirconia, alumina, zeolite, composite ceramics and the like. Uses range from simple gas torch, automobile exhaust gas treatment, purification of exhaust gas to large diesel generators for industrial waste gas treatment, heat exchange and thermal storage of large cellular ceramic. For example:
Decomposition of nitrous oxide (Nitrous oxide) ceramic catalyst in nitric acid (Nitric-acid) production, the use of a special ceramic contact medium can completely decompose nitrous oxide, which are decomposed to the corresponding elements and will not produce NO X, the main products Nuo (NO) will not be affected.
Ceramic catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbons with a perovskite oxide based ceramic materials developed touch media can oxidize hydrocarbons, catalytic performance far better than precious metal catalysts, especially in high temperature, corrosion resistance, toxicity and cost in terms of economic performance particularly prominent.
Halogenated hydrocarbon oxidation (Halogenated hydrocarbons) ceramic catalytic transition metal oxide mixture based on the development of the ceramic catalyst can decompose halogenated hydrocarbons, their activity, selectivity and life is much better than the conventional catalyst.
Ceramics for automotive exhaust gas catalytic converters to control automobile exhaust pollution, reduce carbon monoxide, smoke and other toxic gas emissions, catalytic converters from the late 1970s began to be used in the car. In the past few decades of technological development, automobile manufacturers use a number of different ways to reduce emissions of pollution, such as exhaust cycle, the fuel tank vapor recovery and the engine electronic control systems, but catalytic converters to reduce harmful emissions have been The most effective method of emissions. In the chemical reaction catalytic converters, the precious metal atoms to produce a variety of different transition reaction, the overall reaction activation energy decreases, thereby increasing the exhaust gas is converted into harmless reaction probability in general, and the catalyst itself remains of the original chemical reaction state, which is the biggest difference between conventional catalytic converters and exhaust filters. Catalytic converters not only have a good life, but also to avoid the possibility of long-term use after the obstruction.
Most of the modern catalytic converters consists of two parts: the reduction of cellular oxidative porcelain and ceramic honeycomb. When the exhaust gas passes through the cellular ceramic reducing nitrogen oxides it is first decomposed into nitrogen and oxygen. When the exhaust gas further by oxidative cellular ceramic, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons are further oxidized to carbon dioxide and water. At this point the previous stage to produce oxygen also helps to make such an oxidation reaction, particularly high compression ratio of the engine, due to the higher concentration of nitrogen oxides emissions, the concentration of oxygen generated in the reduction reaction also improved significantly.
